Abstract
BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of navigation according to the number of markers in terms of target registration errors (TREs) at each anatomical location during the registration process of the navigation system for the mandible.MethodsThe TREs were measured in five different experiments, varying only in the number of registration reference markers, which ranged from three to seven. To measure the TREs according to the number of registration reference markers, two experimental navigation devices were used: 1) Cbyon navigation surgery equipment 2) Polaris optical tracker. Both experiments were conducted to obtain the TREs at the anatomical locations of the mandible according to the number of registration markers during the navigation process. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 23.0 software.ResultsAt all anatomical locations, errors were 2 mm or less. Further, significant differences in the target errors measured by the Cbyon system were found according to the number of registration markers. Significant differences in the target errors measured by the Polaris optical tracker were found according to the registration markers at the posterior border only. In both groups, the target errors did not decrease as the number of registration markers increased.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that an increase in the number of registration markers is not associated with a decrease in the TRE, and that a specific number of registration markers could reduce the TREs at each anatomical site. It is important to determine the minimum number of image registration markers at which the smallest TRE would be observed for different surgical sites.
Highlights
The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of navigation according to the number of markers in terms of target registration errors (TREs) at each anatomical location during the registration process of the navigation system for the mandible
Significant differences in the target errors measured by the Polaris optical tracker, and 3D Slicer software were found according to the registration markers at the posterior border only
The smallest errors were found at all anatomical sites excluding the antilingula and the mandibular angle when registration was performed with five markers. These results demonstrate that an increase in the number of registration markers is not associated with a decrease in the TRE, and that a specific number of registration markers might reduce the TREs at each anatomical site
Summary
The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of navigation according to the number of markers in terms of target registration errors (TREs) at each anatomical location during the registration process of the navigation system for the mandible. Access to real-time data is especially important in surgical environments where two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) reconstructed images can be During surgery using computer-assisted navigation, surgeons use preoperative imaging data in real time to view anatomical structures that are difficult to grossly examine [3, 6]. It allows for a minimally invasive surgery that accurately adheres to the treatment plan established prior to the surgery [6]. Even image-guided computer-assisted surgery is subject to errors, which must be minimized [8]
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