Abstract
Error-related potential (ErrP) based assist-as-needed robot-therapy can be an effective rehabilitation method. To date, several studies have shown the presence of ErrP under various task situations. However, in the context of assist-as-needed methods, the existence of ErrP is unexplored. Therefore, the principal objective of this study is to determine if an ErrP can be evoked when a subject is unable to complete a physical exercise in a given time. Fifteen stroke patients participated in an experiment that involved performing a physical rehabilitation exercise. Results showed that the electroencephalographic (EEG) response of the trials, where patients failed to complete the exercise, against the trials, where patients successfully completed the exercise, significantly differ from each other, and the resulting difference of event-related potentials resembles the previously reported ErrP signals as well as has some unique features. Along with the highly statistically significant difference, the trials differ in time-frequency patterns and scalp distribution maps. In summary, the results of the study provide a novel basis for the detection of the failure against the success events while executing rehabilitation exercises that can be used to improve the state-of-the-art robot-assisted rehabilitation methods.
Highlights
Stroke is the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability in the world (Johnson et al, 2016)
The obtained Error-related potential (ErrP) has some unique features pertaining to the novel task situation besides some features similar to the previously reported ErrP signal
It has been found that the event-related potential (ERP), associated with the failure related events and the ERP associated with the success related events, differ from each other significantly and the resulting difference ERP resembles the previously reported ErrP signals and has some unique features which are novel to this new ErrP signal
Summary
Stroke is the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability in the world (Johnson et al, 2016). Depending on the extent and the location of damage due to stroke, stroke survivors suffer from a various degree of body functionality impairment (Kalaria et al, 2016). The most notable impairments include cognitive impairment, dementia, and limb movement impairment (Kalaria et al, 2016). Recovery from the disability due to stroke is possible through neuroplasticity (Basteris et al, 2014). Neuroplasticity is brain’s natural process aimed to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections, especially in response to learning or experiences that result in partial recovery from the disability. Post-stroke rehabilitation accelerates this process of neurological changes and helps in attaining a higher rate of recovery (Liu et al, 2017)
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