Abstract
This paper examines error control coding (ECC) use in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to determine the energy efficiency of specific ECC implementations in WSNs. ECC provides coding gain, resulting in transmitter energy savings, at the cost of added decoder power consumption. This paper derives an expression for the critical distance dCR, the distance at which the decoder's energy consumption per bit equals the transmit energy savings per bit due to coding gain, compared to an uncoded system. Results for several decoder implementations, both analog and digital, are presented for dCR in different environments over a wide frequency range. In free space, dCR is very large at lower frequencies, suitable only for widely spaced outdoor sensors. In crowded environments and office buildings, dCR drops significantly, to 3 m or greater at 10 GHz. Interference is not considered; it would lower dCR. Analog decoders areshown to be the mostenergy-efficient decoders in this study.
Highlights
Wireless sensor networks are currently being considered for many communications applications, including industrial, security surveillance, medical, environment and weather monitoring, among others
Power and energy efficiency is of paramount interest, and the optimal wireless sensor networks (WSNs) design should consume the minimum amount of power needed to provide reliable communication
If the extra power consumption at the decoder outweighs the transmitted power savings due to using Error control coding (ECC), ECC would not be energy-efficient compared with an uncoded system
Summary
Wireless sensor networks are currently being considered for many communications applications, including industrial, security surveillance, medical, environment and weather monitoring, among others. This paper examines several different decoder implementations for a range of ECC types, including block codes, convolutional codes, and iteratively decoded codes such as turbo codes [18] and low-density parity-check codes (LDPCs) [19]. Both digital and analog implementations are considered.
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