Abstract
Affected by the complexity of the indoor environment, accurate indoor positioning is challenging in many localization based services (LBS). Recently, it has been recognized that, visible light communication (VLC) is promising for indoor navigation and positioning, due to the low implementation cost with marginal modification to the existing infrastructure and the possibility to achieve high accurate positioning results. Provided that the positions of the light emitting diodes (LEDs) are known to the receiver, the angle of arrival (AOA) of the light signal is able to be estimated by a camera embedded in a smart phone, and thus the position of the smart phone can be derived based on the triangulation. In this paper, the performance of the positioning accuracy is analyzed based on indoor positioning with VLC, and the analytical upper bound of location error is derived. Extensive simulation results have verified the theoretical analysis on the VLC-based localization approach in different indoor scenarios. In order to obtain better location performance, the principles of choosing reference LED and localization LED are also given.
Highlights
Since more and more mobile devices are required to exchange data over the wireless channel, the radio spectrum becomes a scarce resource [1,2]
Ranging methods and techniques with visible light communication (VLC) have been proposed for indoor localization, which includes received signal strength (RSS) [19,20], time difference of arrival (TDOA) [21], angle of arrival (AOA) [22] and phase difference of arrival (PDOA) [23]
According to Equation (2), the estimated project position of ith light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in the shifted coordinate system can be calculated as xi yi cos∆φ − sin ∆φ −1 sin∆φ cos∆φ xi yi where(xi, yi ) is the estimated project position of the ith LED obtained from Equation (1). is the orientation angle deviation estimation obtained from Equation (5)
Summary
Since more and more mobile devices are required to exchange data over the wireless channel, the radio spectrum becomes a scarce resource [1,2]. Ranging methods and techniques with VLC have been proposed for indoor localization, which includes received signal strength (RSS) [19,20], time difference of arrival (TDOA) [21], angle of arrival (AOA) [22] and phase difference of arrival (PDOA) [23]. [19] takes advantage of the transmitter’s location code at the multiple optical receivers and proposes an LED indoor location estimation algorithm with the RSS measurements. By an additional technique of tilting and the angle-gain compensation process, an improved RSS based VLC positioning approach was proposed in [20]. In order to avoid the synchronization requirement between the LED panel and receiver, a TDOA technique based VLC positioning method was proposed [21].
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