ERROR 404 – Sleep not found

George L Muntingh,Michelle Viljoen

doi:10.4102/safp.v60i3.4878

Abstract

Insomnia is perhaps the most common type of sleep disorder in the family medicine population. It is best described as a persistent difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, or a report of non-restorative sleep, accompanied by related daytime impairment. There is increasing evidence of a strong association between insomnia and various medical and psychiatric comorbidities. Diagnosis of insomnia and treatment planning rely on a thorough sleep history to address contributing and precipitating factors as well as maladaptive behaviours resulting in poor sleep. Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is the mainstay of treatment and is a safe and effective approach. The key challenge of CBT-I is the lack of clinicians to implement it. The newer generation nonbenzodiazepines (e.g. zolpidem) are used as first-line pharmacotherapy for chronic insomnia. Newer drugs active on targets other than the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor are now available, but clear treatment guidelines are needed.

Highlights

Oh sleep, Oh gentle sleep, Nature’s soft nurse, how have I frightened thee? That thou no more wilt weigh mine eyelids down, And steep my senses in forgetfulness?Henry IV, William ShakespeareCharles Henry Wheeler
It was developed to improve both sleep onset insomnia and sleep maintenance insomnia while avoiding hangover effects, it has never been directly compared with regular zolpidem.[49] randomised trial of 1018 patients with insomnia, zolpidem extended release taken for up to six months improved sleep onset, sleep maintenance, morning sleepiness, nextday concentration, and work performance compared with placebo.[53,54] www.tandfonline.com/oemd 36 The page number in the footer is not for bibliographic referencing
The goal of treatment for insomnia is to improve sleep and alleviate anxiety or dysfunction caused by the disorder

Summary

Introduction

Oh gentle sleep, Nature’s soft nurse, how have I frightened thee? That thou no more wilt weigh mine eyelids down, And steep my senses in forgetfulness?. It was developed to improve both sleep onset insomnia and sleep maintenance insomnia while avoiding hangover effects, it has never been directly compared with regular zolpidem.[49] randomised trial of 1018 patients with insomnia, zolpidem extended release taken for up to six months improved sleep onset, sleep maintenance, morning sleepiness, nextday concentration, and work performance compared with placebo.[53,54] www.tandfonline.com/oemd 36 The page number in the footer is not for bibliographic referencing These are alternatives to benzodiazepines, especially for patients who have depression or are at risk of substance abuse. Contamination with undesirable substances poses a problem for many such natural remedies

Conclusion

Findings

50. FDA Drug Safety Communication