Abstract
A Faraday isolator is shown to develop a temperature difference between its input and output, but still complies with the second law when all the heat carriers, in this case, photons are homogeneous and indistinguishable. This result is a consequence of the H-theorem which assumes homogeneity and indistinguishability of particles. However, when a thermal feedback path is added, in which heat carriers have physical properties different from the photons in the isolator, then a heterogeneous system is formed not covered by the H-theorem, and the second law is violated.
Highlights
Oriented from each other by a polarization angle of 45 degrees
Radiation entering through the input, is polarized by the input polarizer, rotated by 45 degrees http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ by the rotator and crosses the output polarizer
Open Access output is polarized by the output polarizer, is rotated an additional 45 degrees and is stopped by the input polarizer
Summary
Oriented from each other by a polarization angle of 45 degrees. Radiation entering through the input, is polarized by the input polarizer, rotated by 45 degrees http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ by the rotator and crosses the output polarizer. (2017) The Faraday Isolator, Detailed Balance and the Second Law. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics, 5, 889-899. This thermal radiation is unpolarized rendering the rotator inoperative. A Faraday isolator cannot rectify thermal radiation.
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