Erratum to “Atmospheric effects on extensive air showers observed with the surface detector of the Pierre Auger observatory” [Astroparticle Physics 32(2) (2009), 89–99

J Abraham,M Gómez Berisso,R Pesce,T Karova,M Ambrosio,L Nožka,V Pirrpnello,J Chye,L Valore,M Melissas,G Salina,A Chou,S Petrera,A Anzalone,F Arqueros,G Tristram,M Videla,P Abreu,D Garcia-Pinto,V Scherini,K Arisaka,E Colombo,I Lhenry-Yvon,N Nierstenhoefer,T Pierog,F Sarazin,G Parente,I Allekotte,P Bernardini,G Hebrero,A Gorgi,O Wainberg,M Prouza,S Maldera,H Blümer,C Di Giulio,J Knapp,R Meyhandan,I Zaw,M Giller,A Tonachini,D Lebrun,A Bellétoile,G Navarra,B Morales,P Wahrlich,L Perrone,D Ravignani,G Matthiae,O Blanch-Bigas,L Voyvodic,S Coutu,R Ticona,D Maurizio,M Pontz,J Coppens,A Dorofeev,D Melo,M Kleifges,F Salamida,D Pakk Selmi-Dei,M Platino,D García Gámez,S Fliescher,M Risse,B Keilhauer,Z Szadowski,D Kruppke-Hansen,T Paul,V Halenka,N Kunka,D Nitz,C De Donato,J Pochon,M Grigat,A Lucero,A Petrolini,C Aguirre,R Piegaia,A Criss,M Ziolkowski,H Schieler,L Caramete,A Curutiu,W Tkaczyk,G Decerprit,P Bauleo,R Knapik,T Bäcker,V Verzi,A Della Selva,S Reucroft,R Cester,C Robledo,A Etchegoyen,T Suomijärvi,E Parizot,C Lachaud,H Gemmeke,M Unger,A Zepeda,R Tcaciuc,F Ionita,A Stutz,M Monasor,B Wundheiler,P Lebrun,M Palatka,P Petrinca,N Fazzini,M Patel,M Ave,V Rizzi,E Strazzeri,X Garrido,C Wileman,A Creusot,F Arneodo,Y Petrov,E Kemp,G De La Vega,H Lyberis,S Parlati,G Golup,N Pacheco,E Trovato,M Nyklicek,K Payet,B Revenu,J Chauvin,A Menshikov,G La Rosa,M Zavrtanik,D Martello,C Morris,R Engel,C Hojvat,R Bonino,A Segreto,N Scharf,J Pallotta,M Pimenta,A Tamashiro,S Jiraskova,D Nosek,L Nellen,W Fulgione,S Harmsma,V Tuci,R Squartini,A Tamburro,S Westerhoff,C Delle Fratte,A Cordier,P Facal San Luis,E Grashorn,R Pelayo,T Huege,D Harari,R Sato,D Newton,J Oehlschläger,J Sorokin,I Valiño,D Monnier Ragaigne,R Bruijn,I De Mitri,E Petermann,G Wieczorek,D Heck,L Villaseñor,K Louedec,J Kleinfeller,M Kaducak,O Krömer,B Connolly,E Menichetti,P Gouffon,F Guarino,V De Souza,C Morello,S Grebe,Y Guardincerri,T Tarutina,L Del Peral,H Glass,A Horneffer,J Rautenberg,R Ulrich,H.J Mathes,D Mandat,O Catalano,E Zas,C Rivière,T Asch,D Góra,F Montanet,D Badagnani,T Beau,T Pinto,F Sánchez,T Schmidt,S Pastor,J Allen,R Dallier,P Lautridou,M Scuderi,A Insolia,M Ortiz,H Falcke,L Miramonti,K Daumiller,J Rosado,G Yuan,M Urban,R López,B Tomé,D Dornic,C Bonifazi,C Dobrigkeit,M Mcewen,P Billoir,T Hebbeker,M Roth,S Navas,I Fleck,P Privitera,C Bleve,U Cotti,S Riggi,J Lee,H Asorey,D Gonzalez,O Deligny,J Matthews,C Newman-Holmes,O Pisanti,D Zavrtanik,D Semikoz,P Allison,D Tcherniakhovski,D Warner,D Veberič,C Macolino,D Thomas,A Ferrero,A Italiano,A Filevich,C Timmermans,P Gonçalves,C Aramo,P Buchholz,S Benzvi,M Santander,P Homola,F Blanco,G Ros,M Mostafá,J Brack,M Aglietta,J Martínez,M Erdmann,P Oliva,I Torres,N G Busca ,Alexander Kusenko ,M Gold ,Petr Schovánek ,G R Snow ,V C Holmes ,Glennys R Farrar ,P A Kasper ,G Medina‐Tanco ,A Filipčǐc ,D B Tridapalli ,P Trávníc̆ek ,Esteban Roulet ,William H Miller ,B J Whelan ,Nguyễn Thị Phương Thảo ,J L Harton ,M D Rodríguez‐Frías ,Karl‐Heinz Becker ,David M Schuster ,Antonio Fernández-Aliseda Redondo ,M A Müller ,Manlio De Domenico ,W Rodrigues De Carvalho ,Luis A Anchordoqui ,J Řídký ,M S A B Leão ,J C Diaz ,J J Beatty ,J Álvarez-Muñiz ,P N Diep ,E J Quel ,B E Smith ,F Schüßler ,S Müeller ,J R Vázquez ,D H Koang ,J A Chinellato ,Jan Pękala ,C E Santo ,I Rodríguez-Cabo ,C Bérat ,M A Duvernois ,M Hrabovský ,R R Mcneil ,Ioana Codrina Maris ,R W Clay ,Gennaro Miele ,Alan Watson ,H R Wu ,K B Barber ,A S Krieger ,A C Rovero ,P T Nhung ,M D Healy ,Graciela B Gelmini ,J C D’olivo ,J G González ,E D Fraenkel ,M C Maccarone ,G Ávila ,S L C Barroso ,Van Den Ad M Berg ,Stefan Schulte ,R M Kieckhafer ,H M Spinka ,J F Valdés Galicia ,J L La Rosa Navarro ,W J M De Mello ,M T Dova ,H Wilczyn' Ski ,J C Dos Anjos ,V H Ponce ,L M Goggin ,J J Lozano Bahilo ,Silvia Mollerach ,I Duţan ,A Letessier‐Selvon ,Beatriz García ,R C Shellard ,O Mart́inez Bravo ,Péter Mazur ,B R Dawson ,Fabrizio Ortolani ,Edivaldo Moura Santos ,M A Leigui De Oliveira ,P N Dong ,C E Fracchiolla ,K.‐H Kampert ,J Rodrı́guez Martino ,А Чиавасса ,Marcelo Amaral ,T Rössler ,R E Burton ,V M Olmos-Gilbaja ,W C Brown ,H O Klages ,Fabian Schmidt ,P H Hansen ,A F Grillo ,S J De Jong ,F Gómez Albarracin ,L Cazón ,A Śmiałkowski ,M G Winnick ,A F Barbosa ,J A Bellido ,J C Moreno ,Angela V Olinto ,J Schovancová ,E J Ahn ,Balázs Kégl ,C A Moura ,Francesc Ferrer ,R A Vázquez ,F Suárez ,Peter L Biermann ,M I Micheletti ,J R Hörandel ,A C Fauth ,M Sutherland ,G Rodríguez ,Denis Allard ,J W Cronin ,B R Becker ,C J Todero Peixoto ,J D Hague ,B B Siffert ,A López Agüera ,H.-P Dembinski ,K S Caballero-Mora ,C O Escobar ,P L Ghia ,M Bohã̌cov́a ,J R T De Mello Neto ,I M Pepe ,B Wilczyn' Ska ,S Dagoret ,Tonia M Venters ,O Taşcaǧu ,Flávio Rezende ,H R Marquez Falcon ,S J Sciutto ,Bruno L Lago ,P Nečesal ,Juan Rojo ,R F Gamarra ,John Matthews ,C E Covault ,A Rouillé-D'orfeuil ,A D Supanitsky ,R M De Almeida ,J Petrović ,G P Guedes ,A G Mariazzi ,A Lemière ,B M Baughman ,Olaf Scholten ,Krijn De Vries ,J Tiffenberg,A Haungs,R Luna García,M Settimo,O Ravel,A Bueno,P Assis,B Fick,N Borodai,V Pavlidou,R Šmída,R Conceição,L Wiencke,M Tueros,P Sommers,S Argirò,T Yamamoto,J Gutiérrez,M Leuthold,J Aublin,M Hussain,H Wahlberg,R Mussa,P Mantsch,M Iarlori,P Schiffer,A Schmidt,A Castellina,S Vorobiov,I Sidelnik,S Sarkar,P Brogueira,J Chudoba,J Swain,R Caruso,H Salazar,M Pech,D Kuempel,X Bertou,H Schoorlemmer,D D’Urso,F Contreras,E Arganda,A Velarde,U Giaccari,P Younk,S Andringa,F Schroeder,S Gambetta,C Pfendner

doi:10.1016/j.astropartphys.2009.10.005

Abstract

Atmospheric parameters, such as pressure (P), temperature (T) and density, affect the development of extensive air showers initiated by energetic cosmic rays. We have studied the impact of atmospheric variations on extensive air showers by means of the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory. The rate of events shows a ~10% seasonal modulation and ~2% diurnal one. We find that the observed behaviour is explained by a model including the effects associated with the variations of pressure and density. The former affects the longitudinal development of air showers while the latter influences the Moliere radius and hence the lateral distribution of the shower particles. The model is validated with full simulations of extensive air showers using atmospheric profiles measured at the site of the Pierre Auger Observatory.

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