Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses event related potentials (ERPs) in young children during sensory conditioning. A notable gap between infancy and age 5 currently exists in ERP data. This gap is ironic since ERP techniques are reputed to offer a unique “neurometric” assessment tool for populations with limited motor and language skills. Simple sensory EPs can be recorded in infants (who are extremely cooperative subjects), but children aged 1–5 pose difficult behavioral and attentional problems. Furthermore, conventional contingent negative variation (CNV) and P300 paradigms, which have been used in studies of adults and older children, have distinct instructional and/or motoric constraints. Innovative testing procedures are clearly needed to elicit the cooperation and attention of very young children. The addition of a motor contingency to the passive sensory conditioning paradigm resulted in more consistent ERP patterns. Evoked potential components following CS in the passive condition are often ill-defined or not identifiable in averages of individual subjects. Instructing subjects to attend to the tones as warning cues serves to structure the task better and to enhance the significance of the tones relative to passive “ignore” conditions.
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