Abstract
The deployment of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems worldwide has become an evidence of the unprecedented movement towards integration of information technologies. The importance of continuance usage during the post implementation stage should not be neglected as to secure an optimal advantages offered by ERP system, that is achieved through minimizing ERP system usage barriers. As such, successful implementation of an ERP system does not necessarily guarantee that the system will be comprehensively used or accepted by users of the system. ERP benefits can only be realised and sustained if users continue to have favourable experiences in using the system. While many previous studies have examined ERP system during the implementation phase, only a few have revealed barriers to ERP usage as well its antecedent factors during the post-implementation phase. The purpose of this paper is to determine ERP system usage barriers and unearth the root causes to the barriers. To achieve the aim, this research was guided by the ‘soft-positivism’ paradigm, a paradigm that combines elements of positivism and interpretivism. By using this paradigm, the investigator brought certain prior expectations to the data analysis which are consistent with positivist research and which also build rich explanations from the data, consistent with the interpretive assumption. Based upon the lens of Task Technology Fit theory, this study adopts a qualitative method using multiple case studies. Three Malaysian organisations that had implemented ERP were investigated by conducting 30 semi–structured interviews and reviewing archival records and documents. The interviews were guided by the research objectives. Data were analysed by using open and thematic coding.The finding indicated four major areas of ERP usage problems: system, data, and technical infrastructure and interface problems. Besides that, several antecedent factors to the problems were identified. These factors fall into four major categories: organisation, user, task and technology, and include lack of support from either external or internal expertise, lack of individual strength and limited technology affordance. The outcome of this study was encapsulated in the form of the ERP Sand Clock Barriers and Antecedents Model.The paper contributes to post-implementation ERP system literature by stressing the complex relationships between usage barriers and antecedent factors. By identifying the underlying causes of SAP usage barriers, it could become the motivating factor for individual users to undertake reflective feedback and to achieve extended use of the implemented ERP system.
Highlights
Organizations tend to compete on the basis of their human resources, ; currently, human resource is considered as the most effective and important resource of the organization that enables them to gain a competitive advantage (Alsakarneh et al, 2018)
; it is highly effective for the employees to get appreciated and rewards are being distributed on the basis of their performance
Tangible rewards are being used at a certain level for the employees to increase their motivation and loyalty as well, ; it is difficult to say that tangible rewards are directly linked with organizational effectiveness
Summary
Organizations tend to compete on the basis of their human resources, ; currently, human resource is considered as the most effective and important resource of the organization that enables them to gain a competitive advantage (Alsakarneh et al, 2018). ; there are different methods and measures used in order to analyse the performance of the employees which able to offer rewards whether they are tangible or intangible (Yousaf et al, 2015) It is being done in the private or public sector as well because the main purpose of these features is to motivate the employees that enable them to contribute towards organizational effectiveness and efficiency as well. For that purpose; it is required to develop the effective reward system that illustrates organizational mindset and enable their employees to facilitate learning and productivity In this way; performance appraisal or evaluation system should be effective key success factor along with the performance indicators should be fine adequately so the employees are able to meet the expectations and they should be aware of the organization strategy regarding the rewards. This will help the corporate sector of Iraq to use the findings of the study and bring the effective reward system in the organization to increase its effectiveness
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