Erlotinib in Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer in Middle Eastern Population

Abstract

Abstract Background: Although erlotinib is widely used in the management of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), no prior studies were conducted in Middle Eastern population. Our study aims at evaluating erlotinib prospectively in this population. Patients and Methods: This open-label, prospective, single-arm, multicenter Phase IV clinical trial of erlotinib as single agent evaluated safety and efficacy of Erlotinib in Middle Eastern patients with advanced NSCLC. Results: A total of 56 patients were enrolled in five sites in Saudi Arabia. Majority of patients were males (60%) with median age of 57 years (34–80), Stage IV (98%), and adenocarcinoma (84%). Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance Status III (41.1%). Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations were present in 24 patients out of 36 patients tested (67%). The most common reported adverse events (AEs) were rash 36 (64%), diarrhea 29 (52%), fatigue 10 (18%), and anorexia 5 (9%). Grade 4 or 5 AEs were not observed. Complete response was achieved in 2 (3.6%) and overall disease control was 60.8%. Median overall survival (OS) was significantly longer in patients with EGFR mutation than wild type (20 vs. 3 months, P = 0.002). Progression-free survival was 10 months and significantly longer in patients with EGFR mutation than wild type (16 vs. 6 months, P = 0.037). Patients with unknown EGFR status had PSF and OS better than wild-type patients and worse than patients with EGFR mutation. Cox regression analysis showed that older age (P = 0.029, HR 1.064), EGFR wild type (P = 0.014, hazard ratio [HR]: 8.497), and receiving radiation (P = 0.033, HR 6.433) significantly increase risk of death for patients receiving erlotinib. Conclusion: Erlotinib has efficacy and safety profile in Middle Eastern population similar to the reported literature. The empiric use of erlotinib in patients with unknown EGFR status in our patient population is warranted due to high prevalence of the mutation. However, it should not be used in confirmed wild-type disease.