Abstract
Obesity is one of the major public health problems in the world because it is implicated in metabolic syndromes, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate whether Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. (EAP) extract suppresses reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and fat accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells by activating an AMP-dependent kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. Our results showed that EAP water extract significantly inhibits ROS production, adipogenesis, and lipogenesis during differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. In addition, EAP decreased mRNA and protein levels of proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα). Moreover, EAP suppressed mRNA expressions of fatty acid synthase (FAS), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), adipocyte protein 2 (aP2) in a dose-dependent manner. Whereas, EAP upregulated adiponectin expression, phosphorylation levels of AMPK and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1) protein level during differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. These results suggest that EAP water extract can exert ROS-linked anti-obesity effect through the mechanism that might involve inhibition of ROS production, adipogenesis and lipogenesis via an activating AMPK signaling pathway.
Highlights
Obesity is a major public health problem around the globe because it is implicated in metabolic syndromes, including type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases
To evaluate the effect of Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. (EAP) water extract on the cell viability of preadipocyte and adipocytes, cultured 3T3-L1 cells were treated with various concentrations of EAP water extract and cultured for 24 h or seven days followed by cell viability using WST-1
We further determined the effect of EAP water extract on lipid accumulation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by Oil Red O (ORO) staining and Nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) assay
Summary
Obesity is a major public health problem around the globe because it is implicated in metabolic syndromes, including type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. In 2005, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported that 1.6 billion adults are overweight and 0.4 billion are obese among adults worldwide [1]. High-calories diet and deskbound lifestyle are the most dominant factors contributing to obesity [2]. Due to the rapid increase of obesity-related diseases, cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying fat metabolism need to be clarified. Obesity is affected by both the number and size of adipose tissue that is accelerated by adipogenesis and lipogenesis progression [3,4]. Regulating adipogenesis, provides a promising therapeutic approach for preventing obesity. Such as adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and lipolysis using 3T3-L1 cells [5,6] Recent reports have explored the mechanism study of adipocyte life cycles. such as adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and lipolysis using 3T3-L1 cells [5,6]
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