Ergonomic Risk Factors of Fourth- and Fifth-Year International Medical University Dental Students

Abstract

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to identify and compare the ergonomic risk factors of year 4 and year 5 dental students attending International Medical University. MethodsThis was an exploratory, observational study evaluating ergonomic risk factors among year 4 and year 5 dental students, with a total of 89 participants. The students’ ergonomic risk components were evaluated using the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) worksheet. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the RULA scores, and the Mann-Whitney U test served to determine the difference of ergonomic risk between year 4 and year 5 dental students. ResultsThe descriptive analysis showed that the participants’ (N = 89) median final RULA score was 6.00 (standard deviation = 0.716). One-year difference in the years of clinical practice did not produce a significant difference in the final RULA score (U = 913.0, P = 0.49). The final RULA scores showed year 4 dental students had a higher mean ranking (year 4 = 46.65, year 5 = 43.23). Furthermore, the Mann-Whitney U test indicated that this was not statistically significant (U = 913.0, P = 0.49). ConclusionThe descriptive analysis showed that the final RULA score of the participants indicated that the participants were in a high-risk category for experiencing work-related musculoskeletal disorders due to poor ergonomics. Contributing physical factors included working in asymmetric, awkward, and static positions in a confined workspace, infrequent use of dental loupes, and utilization of dental chairs that were not ergonomically appropriate.