Abstract
AbstractInvestigation of hazardous fires of liquid hydrocarbons as contribution to the safety of chemical plants. This article illustrates the danger potential of hazardous fires, such as pool‐and tank fires in chemical plants. The importance and the role of fluid dynamic organized structures for the combustion processes are presented. Experimental methods used for the visualization of these organized structures are also explained. The influence of such structures on the safety data, burning rate, maximum pool fire diameter, flame height and flame tilt, and the total radiative power is dealt with in detail. The point source model and the solid flame radiation model are discussed for calculation of the distance‐dependent irradiance of a pool fire. A new model, the parcel‐radiation model, considers the radiation of hot spots, soot parcels, and the effect of radiation blockage by cooler, unburnt fuel parcels. Application of the parcel‐radiation model leads to a calculated maximum irradiance of „E ≈ 4 W/cm2, which is verified experimentally for most pool fires with diameters > 14 m. These irradiances are three times smaller than the values calculated by the solid flame radiation model. The consequences for safe separation distance between two adjacent pools are discussed.
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