Abstract
Based on evidence from morphology, Giemsa C-banding and N-banding patterns of the chromosomes, and sequence variation of rbcL, Elymus erianthus is transferred to a new genus, Eremium. Neither the S genome, which is found in all taxa hitherto included in Elymus, nor the H genome characteristic of Hordeum and found in all previously investigated South American Elymus, are found in Eremium erianthum, and Eremium is not included in the Elymus clade on the rbcL tree. Problems of discrimination and phylogenetic treatment of the heterogenomic genera of the Triticeae are briefly discussed.
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