Eradication of Typhus Exanthematicus in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Zlatko Puvačić,Edina Bešlagić,Jelena Ravlija,Sadeta Hamzić,Šukrija Zvizdić,Sandra Puvačić

doi:10.17305/bjbms.2006.3215

Zlatko Puvačić, Edina Bešlagić + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2006.3215

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Abstract

Typhus exanthematicus in Bosnia and Herzegovina held in endemic areas from which especially quickly began spread after 1945. That year, in 1945, one hundred epidemics of typhus fever appeared, with the highest incidence rate in Europe of 215.04 per 1,000. Directions of unique program in the world were to eradicate lice of the body, but also establish monitoring of the recidivism, Brill-Zinsser disease. Since 1971, typhus exanthematicus (classical typhus) hasn't appeared in Bosnia and Herzegovina, so epidemic typhus can considered as an eradicated communicable disease.

Highlights

IntroductionEpidemic typhus results from infection by Rickettsia prowazekii, gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium ( )
Typhus exanthematicus, or epidemic typhus results from infection by Rickettsia prowazekii, gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium ( )
The study aims to answer whether classical typhus has been eradicated in full in Bosnia and Herzegovina, i.e. whether all hotspots have been eradicated, and louse infection in humans eliminated - the latter being the most important factor in transmission of this disease

Summary

Introduction

Epidemic typhus results from infection by Rickettsia prowazekii, gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium ( ). War and famine can result in explosive outbreaks of the disease. Epidemic typhus is prototypical infection of the typhus group of disease. The pathology of this illness is representative of the entire category. The primary vector in person to person transmission is human body louse (Pediculus humanus corporis). Lice become infected when they feed on a new host, excreting R. prowazekii in the faeces. Transmission occurs when organisms in the louse discharge faeces or bite wound or other breaks in the skin ( ). The Rickettsia are infectious by inhalation or contact with

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