Eradication of dental pathogens using flavonoid rutin mediated silver-selenium nanoparticles

Abstract

In this study, flavonoid rutin mediated silver-selenium nanoparticles(Rut-AgSeNPs) is biosynthesized and used to treat dental pathogens. The synthesized Rut-AgSeNPs was characterized using UV–visible Spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), X-Ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD), Attenuated Total Reflectance–Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) Spectroscopy, and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). The particle size of Rut-AgSeNPs was found between 45 and 190 nm in diameter with spherical (AgNPs) and cylindrical (SeNPs) in shape. FTIR results show that the hydroxyl group of rutin has formed intramolecular hydrogen bonding with particles during the reduction and capping process. XRD pattern confirms the synthesized particles were appeared as crystalline (68.7%) and amorphous (31.3%) structure. Rut-AgSeNPs exhibits excellent antimicrobial activity against dental pathogens such as Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans with the MIC value of 12.5 µg/mL, 8.2 µg/mL, 6.6 µg/mL and 2.1 µg/mL, respectively. The susceptibility of dental pathogens was found for Rut-AgSeNPs as follows: C. albicans < E. coli < S. aureus < S. mutans. CLSM image indicates that the Rut-AgSeNPs completely inhibits all the tested pathogens at 12.5 µg/mL. The present study suggests that the synthesized Rut-AgSeNPs might be an effective nanodrug to treat dental pathogens.