Abstract
Er3+–Yb3+ co-doped TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in amorphous matrix with varying Yb3+ concentrations are fabricated by a sol–gel method, afterwards parts of which are separated and surface modified in Mo(NO3)3 solution. Phase and structure analysis indicate that Er3+ and Yb3+ are incorporated into the TiO2 lattice successfully, a NP is single crystal that is surrounded by amorphous matrix. The visible up-conversion (UC) emissions change with Yb3+ concentration, surface modification enhances the UC emissions of all the samples, the most significant enhancement of the UC emission is the one with Yb3+ concentration of 10%. The different electronegativity of Mo6+ and Ti4+ are responsible for the enhancement of UC emission after surface modification, the detail is discussed.
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