Er:YAG laser irradiation enhances bacterial and lipopolysaccharide clearance and human gingival fibroblast adhesion on titanium discs

Ya-Ting Jhang,Chen-Pang Huang,Chen-Ying Wang,Bor-Shiunn Lee,Wan-Yu Tseng,Kuan-Lun Fu,Kevin Sheng-Kai Ma,Chern-Hsiung Lai,Yi-Wen Chen,Mark Yen-Ping Kuo

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-03434-1

Ya-Ting Jhang, Chen-Pang Huang + Show 8 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-03434-1

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Abstract

To investigate the effect of Er:YAG laser treatment on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) clearance and fibroblast adhesion on titanium disks. Grade IV titanium discs (n = 216) were used and allocated to 6 groups. Group 1 was the negative control without Porphyromonas gingivalis inoculation. Discs in Groups 2–6 were incubated with P. gingivalis to form a biofilm. Group 3 received 0.12% chlorhexidine irrigation and Group 4 received titanium curettage to remove the biofilm. Group 5 was treated with Er:YAG laser irradiation and Group 6 was treated with titanium curettage plus Er:YAG laser irradiation. The contact angle and surface roughness were measured after the various treatments. The surface microstructure and residual bacteria were examined using scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy, respectively. Residual LPS was examined using a limulus amoebocyte lysate assay and human gingival fibroblast adhesion was quantified using fluorescent microscopy. Curettage plus Er:YAG laser irradiation was the most effective method for removing bacteria and LPS. No significant difference in the amount of fibroblast adhesion was found between the control and Group 6. Combined use of Er:YAG laser irradiation and curettage optimizes LPS clearance and fibroblast adhesion on titanium discs.

Highlights

To investigate the effect of erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er):YAG laser treatment on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) clearance and fibroblast adhesion on titanium disks
This study investigated human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) adhesion to P. gingivalis biofilm-contaminated titanium discs that were treated with different clinically used methods for peri-implantitis, including CHX washing, mechanical debridement, and Er:YAG laser irradiation
The findings indicated that combined use of curettage and Er:YAG laser irradiation was the most effective at removing bacteria and residual endotoxins, and achieved a beneficial microenvironment for HGF attachment to the titanium surface

Summary

Introduction

To investigate the effect of Er:YAG laser treatment on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) clearance and fibroblast adhesion on titanium disks. Curettage plus Er:YAG laser irradiation was the most effective method for removing bacteria and LPS. Combined use of Er:YAG laser irradiation and curettage optimizes LPS clearance and fibroblast adhesion on titanium discs. For peri-implantitis whose etiology is bacterial origin, the primary treatment goal of peri-implantitis is to remove the biofilm and LPS from implant surfaces to resolve soft tissue inflammation and prevent further bone loss. Er:YAG laser treatment of titanium implants creates a surface with appropriate wettability[20,27] that favors the adhesion of epithelial cells, gingival fibroblasts, and osteoblast-like cells[23]. We conducted this study to address the effect of Er:YAG laser treatment on residual bacteria and LPS in an in vitro titanium-based periimplantitis model

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Conclusion