Abstract
The Er-doped LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LiNi0.495Mn1.495Er0.01O4) sample was successfully prepared by citric acid-assisted sol-gel method with erbium oxide as an erbium source for the first time. Compared with the undoped sample, the Er-doped LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 sample maintained the basic spinel structure, suggesting that the substitution of Er3+ ions for partial nickel and manganese ions did not change the intrinsic structure of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4. Moreover, the Er-doped LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 sample showed better size distribution and regular octahedral morphology. Electrochemical measurements indicated that the Er-doping could have a positive impact on the electrochemical properties. When cycled at 0.5 C, the Er-doped LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 sample exhibited an initial discharge capacity of 120.6 mAh·g−1, and the capacity retention of this sample reached up to 92.9% after 100 cycles. As the charge/discharge rate restored from 2.0 C to 0.2 C, the discharge capacity of this sample still exhibited 123.7 mAh·g−1 with excellent recovery rate. Since the bonding energy of Er-O (615 kJ·mol−1) was higher than that of Mn-O (402 kJ·mol −1) and Ni-O (392 kJ·mol−1), these outstanding performance could be attributed to the increased structure stability as well as the reduced aggregation behavior and small charge transfer resistance of the Er-doped LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4.
Highlights
Lithium-ion batteries are widely believed to be the most promising power sources for next-generation electrical equipment
Ions for partial nickel and manganese ions did not change the intrinsic structure of LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4
The Er-doped LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 sample was successfully prepared by the citric acid-assisted sol-gel
Summary
Lithium-ion batteries are widely believed to be the most promising power sources for next-generation electrical equipment. Cathode materials have a large impact on the electrochemical properties of lithium-ion batteries [1,2]. Among these commercial materials, LiMn2 O4 has broad development prospects because of the abundant manganese resource and environmental protection performance. LiMn2 O4 has broad development prospects because of the abundant manganese resource and environmental protection performance This material presents poor cycling stability, especially at high temperature. LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 has great prospect in cathode materials for high-performance lithium-ion batteries. It is interesting to speculate that the substitution of Er3+ ions for partial nickel and manganese ions may show a positive effect on the electrochemical performance of LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4. The effect of doping with Er3+ ions on the electrochemical performance of LiNi0.5 Mn1.5 O4 was studied in detail
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