野放普氏野马（Equus przewalskii）家域面积及其影响因素

Abstract

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 野放普氏野马(Equus przewalskii)家域面积及其影响因素 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201402090224 作者: 作者单位: 新疆大学资源与环境科学学院,新疆大学,新疆大学资源与环境科学学院,新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区阿勒泰管理站,新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区阿勒泰管理站,中国科学院动物研究所,中国科学院动物研究所 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 新疆自治区科技支撑计划项目(201233131);卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区阿勒泰管理站中央财政森林生态效益补偿基金;科技基础性工作专项重大项目(2013FY110300) Factors affecting the home range of reintroduced Equus przewalskii in the Mt. Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve Author: Affiliation: College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Xinjiang University,College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Xinjiang University,,,,,Institute of Zoology (IOZ), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:采用MCP方法研究了2011年至2012年新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区野放普氏野马家域的变化。通过方差分析验证了年间、季节间不同群体家域及其两两重叠无差异。以家族群大小为协变量进行了野放野马家域协方差分析。利用野放野马家族大小为协变量的协方差分析分析检验了野放野马家族大小与家域关系。结果表明:(1)野马平均家域面积由2011年的(20±2) km2/匹扩大到2012年的(30±2) km2/匹。对部分野放群体中头马未发生更替的野马群的研究表明,随着野马群体增大,其家域面积显著增大(P < 0.05)。(2)单因素方差分析显示,不同野马群的家域面积在不同年份差异显著,且春季家域>秋季家域>夏季家域。(3)2011年不同群家域两两间相互重叠面积与群大小无显著相关(r=0.256, P=0.580>0.05)。而2012年野马群家域两两之间重叠面积有显著差异(F=4.521,d f=8, P < 0.001)。家域两两相互重叠面积与群大小显著相关(r=0.706, P=0.033<0.05)。(4)不同季节间野马群家域重叠面积有显著差异(F=5.695,d f=8, P < 0.001)。5号群、7号群和8号群的自身家域重叠面积(P < 0.05),3号群、6号群和9号群的家域重叠面积(P < 0.05)。(5)影响野放野马家域面积的生物因子有草本盖度、灌木盖度,非生物因子主要有温度、湿度、风速、最近水源地距离和最近居民点距离等。温度与草本盖度是影响野放野马家域面积大小的主要因素,两者与野放野马家域面积显著相关(P < 0.01)。 Abstract:The number of Przewalski's horses(Equus przewalskii) released increased from 84 in 2011 to 96 in 2012 in the Mt. Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve. We characterized the home ranges of released Przewalski's horses and studied the factors affecting the ranges. The home ranges were calculated using the minimum convex polygon(MCP) method. We used a nested ANOVA to determine whether there were differences between home ranges, and regions of overlap between two home ranges of wild horses among seasons and years. We also used family size as a covariate to test the impact of family size on home ranges using ANCOVA. We found the following results:(1) the home ranges of released Przewalski's horses increased in area from(20±2) km2(mean±SE) in 2011 to(30±2) km2 in 2012. The home ranges of families with the same head stallion did not change significantly between 2011 and 2012(P < 0.05).(2) ANOVA indicated that home ranges differed significantly among families. The home ranges of horse families were significantly different, were larger in the spring than in the autumn, and were the smallest in the summer.(3) The area of home range overlap between pairs of wild horses was not correlated with family size(r=0.256, P=0.580) in 2011. However, the area of overlap between pairs of wild horses was correlated with family size in 2012(F=4.521, d f=8, P < 0.001). Home range overlap and family size were significantly positively correlated(r=0.706, P=0.033).(4) Regions of home range overlap between wild horses were significantly different among seasons(F=5.695, d f=8, P < 0.001). The regions of overlap in seasonal home ranges for families 5, 7, and 8 were significantly larger(P < 0.05) than those for families 3, 6, and 9(P < 0.05).(5) The main biological factors that affected the home range of wild horses were herb coverage and shrub coverage, and the non-biological factors were mainly temperature, humidity, wind, the shortest distance to a water source, and distance to the nearest human settlement. Temperature and shrub cover were two major factors that influenced the home ranges of reintroduced Przewalski's horses, and both factors were significantly correlated with the home range areas of wild horses(P < 0.01). Domestic research on wildlife home ranges has been interdisciplinary in nature, and previous investigations have led to the progressive development of large-scale multidisciplinary studies. Furthermore, research tools have advanced from records of single manual observations to computer-based methods, including 3S technology(i.e., RS, GPS, and GIS). Estimates of home range sizes can help researchers determine wildlife habitat preferences, and 3S technology is widely used to protect wildlife. Finally the methods for calculating home ranges of wild animals are becoming more diverse. Przewalski's horses are a flagship species for biodiversity in the Junggar Basin. Their reintroduction has attracted widespread interest at home and abroad. At the end of 2012, the number of reintroduced Przewalski's horses increased to 96(from 84 in the previous year). Therefore, it is necessary to study changes in the home range of wild Przewalski's horses in detail in order to provide scientific guidance for the protection of wildlife in protected areas as well as in the Mt. Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve desert region of Xinjiang, China. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献