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Abstract
Aiming at the reliable grid connection of photovoltaic (PV) systems in frigid plateau regions, this work first designs a flexible hot dry rock (HDR) hybrid power system (HPS), making full use of the potential of HDR for energy storage and power generation. Based on the operation of HPS, a comprehensive energy system credible capacity assessment method considering the overall economy of the system and the reliability of the grid is established. In this method, the power allowable fluctuation rate of the grid as the equivalent firm capacity (EFC) constraint is considered. Then, the constraint is converted into a set of linear chance conditions through the distributionally robust method so that the capacity assessment of the HDR-PV HPS can be converted into a mixed-integer linear optimization problem for a solution. The proposed assessment method is verified by real HDR-PV HPS in the Gonghe Basin of Qinghai Province. The results show that the flexible HDR plant increases the credible capacity of the HPS by 113.38%. The profit of the flexible HDR plant was increased by 3.02% at the same time. The parameter analysis shows that the HDR-PV HPS obtains the most profit when the allowable fluctuation rate is 7%, but 10% can fully utilize the geothermal. The assessment method can effectively assess the credible capacity of the system under the premise of ensuring the overall economy of the HPS, thereby guiding power grid dispatching.
Highlights
As the concept of clean energy has reached a consensus worldwide, clean energy, such as photovoltaics (PV), has developed rapidly (Singh, 2013)
In order to deal with the worst scenarios, its credible capacity is only 69.48–50.96% of the former compared with the stochastic optimization, and its conservatism becomes more and more evident with the increase of allowable fluctuation; The equivalent firm capacity (EFC) assessment using the distributionally robust method proposed in this paper is between the results of stochastic optimization and robust optimization, which can ensure the robustness of the system in the sense of confidence
To solve the problem of grid connection of large-scale PV plants in extreme-cold and high-altitude areas, we design a flexible hot dry rock (HDR) system consisting of an enhanced geothermal system and a thermal storage generation cycle
Summary
As the concept of clean energy has reached a consensus worldwide, clean energy, such as photovoltaics (PV), has developed rapidly (Singh, 2013). Where x represents the decision variable, including the credible capacity PPV of the PV plant, the brine mass flow mtα of the ORC generator I, the HTO mass flow mtc of the heat storage/exchanger, and the HTO mass flow mtdc of ORC generator II; VtHDR represents the profit of the flexible HDR system; VtPV represents the profit of the PV plant; gtr(x, Rt) ≤ 0 represents the operating constraint of the HDR power system; gtg(x, Rt, ξ^tPV) ≤ 0 requirements of represents the EFC constraint satisfying power fluctuation; P(ξ^tPV) represents the probability distribution of the PV power uncertainty, and. In this case, the capacity of the PV plant is selected according to the local typical power station of 300 MWp. The operating parameters of the flexible HDR system are selected based on the local resources (Si et al, 2020).
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