Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy for Hybrid Electric Vehicle with Emission Assessment

Abstract

In this study, fuel consumption and exhaust emissions are simultaneously analyzed using an equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) for power-split hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). To fully consider emissions, we first extract the emission maps of harmful pollutants hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Then, the ECMS is properly designed for energy minimization and emissions are calculated using the emission data sets. Simulations under New European Driving Cycle (NEDC), Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS), and Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP) are performed to evaluate the amounts of the fuel consumption and production of HC, CO, and NOx. We particularly assessed the influence of the driving conditions on emission production with the help of the designed ECMS. According to the obtained results, it is observed that the fuel consumption per kilometer is the lowest under the UDDS driving cycle. When the emission values per kilometer are examined, for HC, the highest emissions is produced under the UDDS driving cycle, and the lowest emissions is observed under the WLTP drive cycle. For CO, the highest amount is observed under the UDDS while the lowest is observed under the WLTP drive cycle. For NOx, the highest emissions is produced under the NEDC drive cycle and the lowest is under the WLTP drive cycle.