Equity of the HIV epidemic response in 13 African countries

Abstract

For over 25 years, new programs to attempt to stem the HIV epidemic have been developed in Africa by country governments as well as external donors. These programs and activities have built and operated facilities, trained clinicians, financed drugs and commodities, supported and helped finance government health planning and operations, and contributed in other ways. Who has benefited from this massive mobilization? While some single country and narrowly focused studies have been done, the issue of equity of HIV programs for vulnerable populations has not been examined in a large set of countries. Using Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (PHIA) data, we examine equity of the HIV programs in 13 African countries to determine if vulnerable groups (such as those with low wealth, rural populations, young adults, and females) have achieved comparable levels of access to HIV program services. In contrast, we also compare the equity of the HIV response to rural and low-wealth populations with the equity of corresponding domestic health systems using Demographic and Health Survey data. This study found that in over half of the countries, the HIV response indicators were equitable for vulnerable population segments including the low-wealth population (in seven countries) and rural population segment (in nine countries). In no country was the domestic health system equitable for these two groups. However, HIV programming does show some clear patterns of inequity for low-wealth and rural populations in some countries. For gender and young adults, the HIV response indicators show that in all 13 countries men and young adults are consistently underserved relative to their counterparts.