Abstract
In this chapter, the instrumentation principle, design, and development for biosensor applications are discussed. LabVIEW enabled users to develop virtual instruments emulating physical instruments in an effortless and rapid manner. Hence, the step-by-step procedure for creating and executing a virtual electrochemical analyzer using a homemade potentiostat and transimpedance amplifier in the LabVIEW platform is presented. Further, in an effort to reduce the cost and size of the commercial instruments limiting their applicability in point-of-care diagnosis, designing a low-cost hand-held USB-based electrochemical biosensor device and its development is discussed. This also includes the basic concepts of components, especially operational amplifiers, analog-to-digital converters, digital-to-analog converters, and microcontrollers used for construction of the biosensor device to measure the biomarkers, viz., nitric oxide and its metabolites and cytochrome c. The standard communication interfaces that are available in the computers are briefly discussed. Thus, the present electrochemical analyzer is amendable to battery-powered operation interfaced to an appropriate electrochemical cell for potentially monitoring several disease and therapeutic biomarkers and environment contaminants.
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