Abstract
To date, vaccination is one of the most efficient methods of prevention against equine infectious diseases. The vaccinology session, which was organised during the annual meeting of the French Equine Veterinarians Association (AVEF) at Reims (France) in 2016, aimed to approach three subjects of importance for the equine industry. Vaccination against three major equine diseases were used as examples: equine influenza (equine influenza virus), rhinopneumonitis (equine herpes virus 1/4), and tetanus (Clostridium tetani neuro-toxin). (1) Emergency vaccination: while it has been very successful to reduce the impact of equine influenza epizooties and it is also recommended for tetanus in case of surgery and accident, the benefit of emergency vaccination against equine herpes virus 1/4 remains arguable; (2) Compatibility of equine vaccines from different brands: despite being a frequent concerns for equine veterinarians, little information is available about the compatibility of equine vaccines from different commercial origins. The consequence of mixing different equine vaccines targeting the same disease is believed to be limited but scientific evidences are sparse; and, (3) Laps vaccination and vaccine shortage: they could have serious consequences in terms of protection and their impact should be evaluated on a case by case basis, taking into account the risk of contact with the pathogen and the effect on herd immunity.
Highlights
In many countries, the equine industry has a substantial economic weight (e.g., around £3.45 bn and 85,000+ direct and indirect employments linked to horse racing in the United Kingdom (UK)alone in 2013 [1]), represents a very large number of animals (e.g., >3.6 million horses in the UnitedStates of America (USA), 2.5 millions in Argentina, 0.8 to 1.2 million in the UK, France, and Germany each [2])
The vaccinology session, which was organised during the annual meeting of the French Equine Veterinarians Association (AVEF)
Three vaccines of importance for the equine industry were used as examples: equine influenza, rhinopneumonitis, and tetanus (Clostridium tetani (C. tetani) neuro-toxin)
Summary
The equine industry has a substantial economic weight (e.g., around £3.45 bn and 85,000+ direct and indirect employments linked to horse racing in the United Kingdom (UK). States of America (USA), 2.5 millions in Argentina, 0.8 to 1.2 million in the UK, France, and Germany each [2]). In this context, infectious diseases are major welfare and economic concerns, as illustrated in Australia in 2007 (major equine influenza epizooty with around 75,000 horses infected and an estimated cost to the Australian economy of A$1 bn reviewed in [3]). Vaccines 2017, 5, 46 at Reims (France) in 2016, aimed to approach three important questions: (1) what are the usefulness and efficacy of emergency vaccination; (2) what is the consequence of using/mixing vaccines from different brands and manufacturers; and, (3) what is the impact of vaccination laps or shortage on protective immunity. Three vaccines of importance for the equine industry were used as examples: equine influenza (equine influenza virus), rhinopneumonitis (equine herpes virus 1/4), and tetanus (Clostridium tetani (C. tetani) neuro-toxin)
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