Equine rotavirus detection: sensibility and specificity of two commercially available diagnostic kits

Abstract

different schemes of parasite control from “zero-treatment” to regular deworming 4-5 times per year. Strongylid nematodes were collected from all equids in vivo after their deworming with the macrocyclic lactone drug “Univerm” (0.2% aversectin C, Russia). Totally, 62,722 specimens were collected and identified. Thirty-six strongylid species were found – 9 species of large strongyles (subfamily Strongylinae) and 27 species of small strongyles (Cyathostominae). In domestic horses, 27 strongylid species from 12 genera were found. The highest biodiversity of the strongylid community (27 species) was observed in horses from farms with rare anthelmintic treatments (1 time per year or less); from 8 to 20 species (average 12.1 3.4) parasitized per host. The lowest biodiversity (19 species) was observed in horses from farms with deworming 4-5 times per year; from 3 to 16 (6.7 2.6) per horse. Eleven cyathostome species (Cylicocyclus nassatus, C. ashworthi, C. leptostomus, Cyathostomum catinatum, C. pateratum, Cylicostephanus calicatus, C. longibursatus, C. goldi, C. minutus, Coronocyclus coronatus, and C. labiatus) were found to be resistant to benzimidazole anthelmintics. In donkeys, 26 strongylid species were found. In donkeys from the “Askania-Nova” reserve with rare anthelmintic treatment, 25 strongylid species were found; from 11 to 16 species (13.2 1.7) per host. In donkeys regularly treated with BZ and PYR, 14 species were found; from 3 to 10 (5.6 1.9) per host. In Przewalski’s horses from the “Askania-Nova” reserve, 31 strongylid species were found; there were 11 to 18 species (15.2 1.9) per host. Przewalski horses from zoos harbored 21 strongylid species; from 7 to 13 (10.4 2.1) per host. The structure of the strongylid community was bimodal (with dominant and rare species) in all regularly dewormed equids. Multimodal structure (with dominant, subdominant, background and rare species) was observed in never treated animals or with rare dewormings. Future studies are necessary to clear up whether such a decrease in biodiversity and change in strongylid community structure caused by deworming programs can lead to increasing the pathogenic influence of these parasites in horses or provoke development and spreading of anthelmintic resistance in strongylids.