Equine retained placenta: Technique for and tolerance to umbilical artery injections of collagenase

Abstract

Under laboratory conditions and in clinical experiments, bacterial collagenase has proven to be effective in hydrolyzing placenta and detaching cotyledon from caruncle in the bovine species. Laboratory studies in which placental samples were incubated with collagenase have also demonstrated that collagenase is 3.7 times more effective in hydrolyzing equine placenta than bovine placenta. This led to the hypothesis that collagenase may be a potential treatment for mares with retained placenta. However, that collagenase may hydrolyze the uterine wall and perforate the uterus was a concern. It was the purpose of this study thus to determine any adverse effects of collagenase on the equine uterus and to develop a method for intraplacental injection of collagenase. Three normally expelled intact placentas from Arabian mares, 10 cyclic mixed-breed mares, and 4 mares of various breeds with retained placenta were used. Fluoroscein dye and latex were used to study the placental vasculature and to determine a suitable dose of collagenase; placentas were hydrolyzed by collagenase solution in vitro. Bacterial collagenase solution (40,000 units, 200 ml) was infused into the uterine lumen of each cyclic mare. Uterine biopsies were obtained from the mares before collagenase infusion and again at 16 h and 26 d after infusion. In the mares with retained placenta, each placenta was infused via its umbilical cord vessels with 200,000 units of bacterial collagenase in 1 L of saline. Results showed that none of the uteri from cyclic mares were damaged by collagenase treatment. During a 4-wk period of monitoring (including endoscopy) mares with retained placenta did not show any abnormalities. Retained placentas were expelled in less than 6 h after collagenase treatment. It was concluded that intraplacental injections of collagenase are a safe and potentially effective treatment for retained placenta in mares.