Abstract
(1) Background: Equine arteritis virus (EAV) infection causes reproductive losses and systemic vasculitis in susceptible equidae. The intact male becomes the virus’ reservoir upon EAV infection, as it causes a chronic-persistent infection of the accessory sex glands. Infected semen is the main source of virus transmission. (2) Here, we describe acute EAV infection and spread in a stallion population after introduction of new members to the group. (3) Conclusions: acute clinical signs, acute phase detection of antigen via (PCR) nasal swabs or (EDTA) blood, and seroconversion support the idea of transmission via seminal fluids into the respiratory tract(s) of others. This outbreak highlights EAV’s horizontal transmission via the respiratory tract. This route should be considered in a chronic-persistently infected herd, when seronegative animals are added to the group.
Highlights
Equine arteritis virus (EAV) is an enveloped, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus of the family Arteriviridae
This phase, known as Equine viral arteritis (EVA), is often associated with fever depending on infectious dose and strain differences, conjunctivitis, respiratory disease, and variable degrees of limb and/or ventral edema
Horizontal transmission is the alternative mode of virus spread among horses, and many clinical signs mimic those of Equid herpesvirus (EHV)-1 infection, Equine influenza, or Streptococcus equi spp. equi infection in horses
Summary
D17 for an EAV virus neutralization a generalized vasculitis, which will involve the respiratory a generalized tract, conjunctiv vasc ous mucous with membranes This phase, known as Equine ous viral mucous arteritis memf associated fever depending infectious and associated strain difference with. EAV infection is characterized by rapid (horizontal) spread among infection seronega is c replication of virus These mares develop replication aasystemic of infecti viru generalized vasculitis, which will involve the respiratory generalized tract, conjun va claims in published maps and insticlaims published maps and institutional affiliations. This phase, known as Equine viral arteriti (stored) serum sample ofa the index case, collected on inD2, was retrieved and submitted, Viruses 2021, 13, x. We reported the EAV-positive swab result of the IC to the head of the veterinary virology diagnostic laboratory, and the laboratory confirmed the presence of the EAV antigen (low abundance) in the nasal swab of H12, but not in H11
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