Equilibrium constraints do not affect the timing of muscular synergies during the initiation of a whole body reaching movement

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine whether the timing of the muscular synergies was influenced by the reduction of the base of support when we initiate a whole body reaching movement. To answer this question, we performed a principal component analysis on electromyographic activities of 24 muscles recorded on the leg, the trunk, and the arm. Our results demonstrated that during the initiation of the whole body pointing movement, only three principal components accounted for at least 95% of the variance for the overall muscular data, both when the equilibrium constraints were normal and when the base of support was reduced. These principal components were strongly correlated despite the fact that the center of mass forward displacement and the center of pressure backward displacements significantly decreased when the base of support was reduced. It suggests that the central nervous system did not change the overall timing of the muscular synergies when new equilibrium constraints were introduced in the task but was rather able to tune their amplitude as evidenced by the modification of the center of mass and center of pressure displacements.