Abstract
Abstract This chapter defines collisional regimes of gaseous flows, including equilibrium and non-equilibrium situations which are described with Euler equations. It examines monatomic and diatomic gas flows, with particular attention to vibrationally non-equilibrium flows of pure gases and gas mixtures. Boltzmann and Treanor distributions are also discussed. The evolution equations of vibrational populations or mean vibrational energy are presented, in particular for the case of the harmonic oscillator model and Landau-Teller equation. General cases of reactive flows are examined and reaction rate constants are defined for reacting gases including or not internal energy. In the appendices, physical models for internal energy modes, properties of the Maxwell distribution, and particular vibrational relaxation equations are presented for pure gases and gas mixtures.
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