Abstract
A dança envolve integração de movimento, equilíbrio postural e aspectos relacionados ao controle postural. Informações sobre o equilíbrio em bailarinos são de grande importância, pois eles são considerados modelos de controle postural. O objetivo foi revisar estudos sobre equilíbrio postural estático e dinâmico em bailarinos, caracterizando o controle e a dependência visual desses atletas para a manutenção do equilíbrio. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão nas bases de dados PubMed, SciELO, Lilacs e Science Direct, considerando o período entre 1997 a 2013, utilizando os descritores equilíbrio, controle postural, plataforma de forças, ballet, bailarinos clássicos e aferência visual. Foram selecionados 18 artigos capazes de fornecer dados quantitativos para avaliação do equilíbrio nesses atletas classificados pelo nível de evidência científica Oxford. A literatura revisada mostra completa concordância quanto ao efeito da retirada da informação visual sobre a estabilidade postural de bailarinos considerados como executantes altamente treinados. Estudos mostrando a comparação do equilíbrio de bailarinos com outras técnicas desportivas confirmaram um padrão específico de equilíbrio nesses indivíduos. Entretanto, associando-se à restrição visual, bailarinos apresentaram maior deslocamento do centro de pressão comparado a outras modalidades desportivas, sugerindo maior dependência visual para a manutenção do equilíbrio. Bailarinos apresentam menor oscilação postural em relação a indivíduos não treinados e indivíduos treinados em outras práticas desportivas, com maior dependência visual para manutenção do equilíbrio.
Highlights
Ballet is a physical activity that requires musculoskeletal conditioning by the use of complex high impact movements, with major joint amplitude, which works on the development of coordination, balance and laterality associated with efficient strength and flexibility in technical execution[1].Postural control is important to understand the capacity of the human being to perform their activities and maintain body balance, providing stability and orientation during motor tasks[2]
One determining factor for balance control is the size of the support base, and the movements executed by the ballet dancer are usually performed on a small base, such as the en pointe balance[6] (Figure 1A)
A literature review was performed with the following databases: Lilacs, Medline, PubMed, SciELO and Science Direct, with the descriptors: ballet dancers, postural control, balance, force platform, classic ballet and visual afference, combined in groups of three
Summary
Postural control is important to understand the capacity of the human being to perform their activities and maintain body balance, providing stability and orientation during motor tasks[2] Such control depends on sensory information of the vestibular, visual and somatosensory systems, so that motor actions can be triggered based on experiences and skills[3,4,5]. One determining factor for balance control is the size of the support base, and the movements executed by the ballet dancer are usually performed on a small base, such as the en pointe balance[6] (Figure 1A). Training is conducted in the vertical position, with reduced support bases and the use of mirrors, and the direction of the eyes is important to keep control during spins, which implies visual dependency in order to maintain balance when compared to athletes of other sporting activities[8]
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