Abstract
Vaccination against infectious diseases is a cornerstone of veterinary medicine in the prevention of disease transmission, illness severity, and often death in animals. In North American equine medicine, equine vaccines protecting against tetanus, rabies, Eastern and Western equine encephalomyelitis, and West Nile are core vaccines as these have been classified as having a heightened risk of mortality, infectiousness, and endemic status. Some guidelines differ from the label of vaccines, to improve the protection of patients or to decrease the unnecessary administration to reduce potential side effects. In North America, resources for the equine practitioners are available on the American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP) website. Conversely, in small companion animals, peer review materials are regularly published in open access journals to guide the vaccination of dogs and cats. The aims of this review are to present how the vaccine guidelines have been established for small companion animals and horses in North America, to review the equine literature to solidify or contrast the current AAEP guidelines of core vaccines, and to suggest future research directions in the equine vaccine field considering small companion animal strategies and the current available resources in equine literature.
Highlights
IntroductionImmunization has proven efficacious to decrease the morbidity and mortality in infectious diseases [1]
In humans and animals, immunization has proven efficacious to decrease the morbidity and mortality in infectious diseases [1]
The aims of this review are: (1) to summarize how guidelines were established for small companion animals to serve as a base of comparison with equine vaccination guidelines; (2) to present potential limitations of the Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP) guidelines equine core vaccinations and resources that can complete these guidelines; and (3) to propose future research to improve the guidelines of equine core vaccination
Summary
Immunization has proven efficacious to decrease the morbidity and mortality in infectious diseases [1]. The AAEP provides online open access guidelines to equine practitioners regarding vaccine protocols, which can differ from the manufacturers’ label instructions [5]. These guidelines are established by the AAEP Infectious Disease Committee (communication with the AAEP). Small companion animal practitioners have an open access to peer review guidelines on vaccine protocols for different populations of dogs and cats. These guidelines have been regularly updated and were built from a consensus of experts collecting evidencebased and clinical data. The aims of this review are: (1) to summarize how guidelines were established for small companion animals to serve as a base of comparison with equine vaccination guidelines; (2) to present potential limitations of the AAEP guidelines equine core vaccinations and resources that can complete these guidelines; and (3) to propose future research to improve the guidelines of equine core vaccination
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