Abstract

During five intense geomagnetic storms with main phases occurring around local dusk sector, equatorial ionosonde and electrojet data, VHF/UHF scintillation data of Calcutta, and several solar wind parameters are investigated to ascertain the polarity of prompt penetration electric field (PPEF). Abrupt increases in AE, ASY-H and/or sharp decreases in D st /SYM-H with strong southward IMF B z may symbolize eastward PPEF to equatorial latitude leading to evolution of density irregularities if the period is associated with arrival and sustenance of large magnetospheric shock compression. On the contrary, westward PPEF is more feasible if the shock reduces suddenly or fluctuates with small values.

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