Equatorial density irregularity structures at intermediate scales and their temporal evolution

Abstract

We examine high resolution measurements of ion density in the equatorial ionosphere from the AE‐E satellite during the years 1977–1981. Structure over spatial scales from 18 km to 200 m is characterized by the spectrum of irregularities at larger and smaller scales and at altitudes above 350 km and below 300 km. In the low‐altitude region, only small amplitude large‐scale (λ>5 km) density modulations are often observed, and thus the power spectrum of these density structures exhibits a steep spectral slope at kilometer scales. In the high‐altitude region, sinusoidal density fluctuations, characterized by enhanced power near 1‐km scale, are frequently observed during 2000–0200 LT. However, such fluctuations are confined to regions at the edges of larger bubble structures where the average background density is high. Small amplitude irregularity structures, observed at early local time hours, grow rapidly to high‐intensity structures in about 90 min. Fully developed structures, which are observed at late local time hours, decay very slowly producing only small differences in spectral characteristics even 4 hours later. The local time evolution of irregularity structure is investigated by using average statistics for low‐(1%<σ<5%) and high‐intensity (σ>10%) structures. At lower altitudes, little change in the spectral slope is seen as a function of local time, while at higher altitudes the growth and maintenance of structures near 1 km scales dramatically affects the spectral slope.