Abstract
The equation of state and the phase diagram in two-flavor quantum chromodynamics (QCD) are investigated by the Polyakov-loop extended Nambu–Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) model with an entanglement vertex between the chiral condensate and the Polyakov loop. The entanglement-PNJL (EPNJL) model reproduces lattice QCD (LQCD) data at μ ⩾ 0 better than the PNJL model. Hadronic degrees of freedom are taken into account by the free-hadron-gas approximation with the volume-exclusion effect due to the hadron generation. The hadron degrees of freedom improve agreement of the EPNJL model with LQCD data particularly at low temperature. The quarkyonic phase survives, even if the correlation between the chiral condensate and the Polyakov loop is strong and hadron degrees of freedom are taken into account. However, the location of the quarkyonic phase is sensitive to the strength of the volume exclusion.
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