Epstein-Barr Virus and Classical Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Abstract

Among oncogenic human viruses, the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) drew special attention due to its unique properties. Being widespread among the population of the planet, the virus is also a leader in the number of associated different benign and malignant neoplasms of lymphoid and epithelial origin. The oncogenic potential of EBV is related to its ability to infect and transform human lymphocytes. In cases, when the interaction between reproduction of EBV, its latent state and immune control of the body is impaired, conditions for long-term proliferation of EBV-infected cells and their malignant transformation are formed. According to some investigators, the molecular mechanisms of EBV-associated carcinogenesis are due to the ability of the viral genome to promote the expression of series of products that simulate a number of growth factors and transcription and produce an anti-apoptotic effect. These products impair EBV-encoded signaling pathways that regulate a variety of cellular functions of homeostasis giving a cell the ability to proliferate indefinitely. However, the exact mechanism by which the EBV initiates tumor formation is not clear. The review provides summarized information on the structure and oncogenic potential of EBV, morphological and clinical cases of Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL), and the role of EBV in the pathogenesis of types of HL associated with the virus. The review also dwells on the latest data on the use of EBV DNA plasma levels of patients with HL as a biomarker reflecting the effectiveness of the treatment performed and the prognosis of the disease.