Abstract
Monitoring systems are important for debugging and analyzing Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). In passive monitoring, a monitoring network needs to be deployed in addition to the network to be monitored, named the target network. The monitoring network captures and analyzes packets transmitted by the target network. An energy-efficient passive monitoring system is necessary when we need to monitor a WSN in a real scenario because the lifetime of the monitoring network is extended and, consequently, the target network benefits from the monitoring for a longer time. In this work, we have identified, analyzed and compared the main passive monitoring systems proposed for WSN. During our research, we did not identify any passive monitoring system for WSN that aims to reduce the energy consumption of the monitoring network. Therefore, we propose an Energy-efficient Passive MOnitoring SysTem for WSN named EPMOSt that provides monitoring information using a Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) agent. Thus, any management tool that supports the SNMP protocol can be integrated with this monitoring system. Experiments with real sensors were performed in several scenarios. The results obtained show the energy efficiency of the proposed monitoring system and the viability of using it to monitor WSN in real scenarios.
Highlights
The miniaturization of electronic components and the evolution of wireless communication technologies have stimulated the development and use of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in various applications, such as environmental monitoring, seismic detection, structural health monitoring, and smart spaces, among others
When the election mechanism is not used, the energy consumed by the monitoring network increases when the number of sniffers increases. This occurs because the packets sent by a given node of the target network are captured by a larger number of sniffers, thereby increasing the number of redundant captured packets and increasing the energy consumed by the monitoring network for the transmission of these packets
In the two types of experiments in which the election mechanism is used, the energy consumption of the monitoring network remains almost constant, because, when the number of sniffers increases, each sniffer captures packets from a smaller number of nodes of the target network, but the total number of packets sent by the monitoring network changes very little
Summary
The miniaturization of electronic components and the evolution of wireless communication technologies have stimulated the development and use of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in various applications, such as environmental monitoring, seismic detection, structural health monitoring, and smart spaces, among others. WSNs consist of small sensors which use wireless short range communication. These networks have severe energy consumption, processing power, memory, and bandwidth constraints [1]. Code lines are inserted in the application running in sensor nodes to obtain information about the operation of the network. In this case, the monitoring packets are sent along with data packets of the network, modifying the behavior and operation of the monitored network and consuming the resources of this network. In the active monitoring system Simpathy [3]
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