Epizootological monitoring of infectious diseases in sheep and goats

Abstract

Relevance . A significant increase in the proportion of factorial infectious diseases was established, the epizootic index in which reaches 1,0, the focal coefficient — 18,97, mortality — 100,0%, the insufficient effectiveness of diagnostic and antiepizootic measures determine the presence of conjugate foci and the threat of the formation of an enzootic zone. The widespread occurrence of these pathologies is facilitated by a decrease in the natural resistance of the body of animals when kept in limited areas, unconventional feeding and the use of chemotherapeutic and disinfectants. The aim of the work was to conduct epizootological monitoring of the infectious pathology of sheep, based on the optimization of the scheme of bacteriological and mycological diagnostics. Methods . The object of the study was sheep of the “Romanovskaya” breed, goats of the “Zaanenskaya” breed, and lambs of the “Aginskaya” breed. In a retrospective analysis of the epizootic situation for infectious diseases, statistical data were taken into account, assessing the extensive and intensive indicators of the epizootic process. For the intravital diagnosis of infectious diseases, washes from the mucous membranes of the oral and nasal cavity ( n = 10), feces ( n = 35) of sick lambs were studied. In addition, we studied the washings of objects in the reproductive rooms ( n = 5). The results of the experimental data were processed by the method of statistical analysis using the Student’s t-test, the results were considered reliable at р ≤ 0,05. Results. Analyzing the data of veterinary reporting, systematization and statistical processing of epizootic indicators, it was found that out of the total number of sheep and goats (144,274), the number of sick animals with bacterial diseases was 35, of which pasteurellosis — 5,72%, escherichiosis — 60,0%, staphylococcosis — 2,86%, streptococcosis — 22,86%. In the structure of infectious pathology of sheep and goats for the period 2014–2018 there is a dynamics of changes in the nosological profile with a predominance of the share of escherichiosis — 22,86% and 20,0% in years 2014 and 2015, respectively. The etiological structure of the infectious pathology of lambs is represented by bacteria: E. coli ; K. pneumoniae — 4 (10,5%); P. vulgaris — 3 (7,9%); E. cloacae — 2 (5,3%); P. aeruginosa — 1 (2,7%); S. aureus — 1 (2,7%); S. epidermidis — 1 (2,7%); C. albicans — 2 (5,3%); C. parapsilosis — 1 (2,7%).