Epizootiological studies of Amblyospora albifasciati (Microsporidiida: Amblyosporidae) in natural populations of Aedes albifasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) and Mesocyclops annulatus (Copepoda: Cyclopidae) in a transient floodwater habitat.

Abstract

The epizootiology of the microsporidium Amblyospora albifasciati was studied in natural populations of its definitive host, a multivoltine, neotropical, floodwater mosquito, Aedes albifasciatus, and its intermediate copepod host, Mesocyclops annulatus, in an ephemeral floodwater habitat during a 12-month period. A. albifasciati was enzootic in mosquitoes. Vertically (transovarially) transmitted meiospore infections occurred regularly and were detected in five of eight larval broods but the prevalence of infection was always low, ranging from 0.5 to 6.9% with an overall average of 0.7%. Horizontal transmission of A. albifasciati infection from copepods to mosquitoes was nominal and limited. It was detected at levels of 6.4 to 20% in larval Ae. albifasciatus populations on two occasions, the month of August and late September through early October. The low levels of horizontal transmission of infection to mosquito larvae appeared to be the principal limiting factor that prevented the proliferation of A. albifasciati in Ae. albifasciatus populations. Copepod populations were abundant from May through September and weekly prevalence rates of A. albifasciati averaged over 50% (range = 5.8 to 100%). The moderately high infection rates in M. annulatus copepods were inconsistent with the low prevalence of meiospore infection in Ae. albifasciatus mosquito larvae. Results suggest that either meiospores of A. albifasciati produced in the mosquito host are highly infectious to copepods or they are long-lived and remain viable within the pool as long as some standing water is present. Observations further indicate that A. albifasciati has a significant detrimental impact on M. annulatus copepod populations but minimal impact on larval populations of Ae. albifasciatus at this site.