Abstract
BackgroundHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection remains a global public health issue, especially in Asia. Due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains and the complexity of H. pylori infection, conventional vaccination is the best way to control the disease. Our previous study found that the N-acetyl-neuroaminyllactose-binding hemagglutinin protein (HpaA) is an effective protective antigen for vaccination against H. pylori infection, and intranasal immunization with the immunodominant HpaA epitope peptide (HpaA 154-171, P22, MEGVLIPAGFIKVTILEP) in conjunction with a CpG adjuvant decreased bacterial colonization in H. pylori-infected mice. However, to confer more robust and effective protection against H. pylori infection, an optimized delivery system is needed to enhance the P22-specific memory T cell response.ResultsIn this study, an intranasal nanoemulsion (NE) delivery system offering high vaccine efficacy without obvious cytotoxicity was designed and produced. We found that this highly stable system significantly prolonged the nasal residence time and enhanced the cellular uptake of the epitope peptide, which powerfully boosted the specific Th1 responses of the NE-P22 vaccine, thus reducing bacterial colonization without CpG. Furthermore, the protection efficacy was further enhanced by combining the NE-P22 vaccine with CpG.ConclusionThis epitope-loaded nanoemulsion delivery system was shown to extend antigen release and elicit potent Th1 response, it is an applicable delivery system for intranasal vaccine against H. pylori.
Highlights
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) causes a common chronic infection that currently affects at least 50% of the global population [1]
We found that HpaA is an effective protective antigen for vaccination against H. pylori infection, and intranasal immunization with the immunodominant epitope peptide of HpaA (HpaA 154-171, P22, MEGVLIPAGFIKVTILEP) in conjunction with CpG reduced H. pylori colonization in infected mice [7]
Preparation of the novel intranasal NE delivery system Influence of different surfactant were mixed (Smix) ratios on size, zeta potential and polydispersity index (PDI) To evaluate the influence of the Smix ratio (Surfactant: Co-surfactant, w/w), five nanoemulsions with different Smix ratios (2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1 and 6:1) were prepared
Summary
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) causes a common chronic infection that currently affects at least 50% of the global population [1]. We found that HpaA is an effective protective antigen for vaccination against H. pylori infection, and intranasal immunization with the immunodominant epitope peptide of HpaA (HpaA 154-171, P22, MEGVLIPAGFIKVTILEP) in conjunction with CpG reduced H. pylori colonization in infected mice [7]. As synthetic epitope peptides are not highly immunogenic by themselves due to their low molecular weight [15], a proper delivery system must be developed to enhance the Th1 responses stimulated by P22 and to confer more robust protection against H. pylori infection. Our previous study found that the N-acetyl-neuroaminyllactose-binding hemagglutinin protein (HpaA) is an effective protective antigen for vaccination against H. pylori infection, and intranasal immuniza‐ tion with the immunodominant HpaA epitope peptide (HpaA 154-171, P22, MEGVLIPAGFIKVTILEP) in conjunction with a CpG adjuvant decreased bacterial colonization in H. pylori-infected mice. To confer more robust and effective protection against H. pylori infection, an optimized delivery system is needed to enhance the P22-specific memory T cell response
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