Abstract
The incidence of epithelial ovarian cancer in women aged 40 years and younger is 3-17%. The management of these women is challenging and requires balancing the need to treat epithelial ovarian cancer adequately and preserving reproductive potential. Fertility-sparing surgery, especially for early stage epithelial ovarian cancer, seems to be associated with equivalent clinical and cancer outcomes while preserving reproductive potential. A complete staging and cytoreductive procedure retaining the uterus, and at least one grossly normal ovary, is the minimum recommended procedure. Adjuvant chemotherapy with a platinum-taxane combination is recommended as clinically indicated, and is associated with better cancer and survival outcomes. Adjuvant treatment does not seem to increase the risk of congenital anomalies in subsequent pregnancies. Targeted therapy and ovarian cryopreservation are largely experimental and cannot be recommended as part of the clinical standard of care.
Highlights
Ovarian cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women in Denmark, largely due to the advanced stage at diagnosis in most patients
We show that checkpoint with forkhead-associated and ring finger domains (CHFR) localizes to the ciliary basal body in ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) cells. These results suggest that primary cilia play a role in maintaining OSE homeostasis and that the low frequency of primary cilia in cancer OSE cells may result in part from over-expression of aurora A kinase (AURA), leading to aberrant Hh signaling and ovarian tumorigenesis
Depletion of AURA increases the frequency of primary cilia and reduces Hh signaling in cancer OSE cells To further explore a possible link between AURA and lack of cilia in cancer OSE cells, we investigated whether knockdown of AURA by siRNA affected the frequency of ciliated SK-OV3 cells during growth arrest
Summary
Ovarian cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women in Denmark, largely due to the advanced stage at diagnosis in most patients. 90% of ovarian cancers originate from the single-layered ovarian surface epithelium (OSE). Defects in the primary cilium, a solitary sensory organelle in most cells types including OSE, were recently implicated in tumorigenesis, mainly due to deregulation of ciliary signaling pathways such as Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) belongs to a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that exhibit a wide range of molecular defects, affecting cell survival, proliferation, differentiation and migration. Most patients (approximately 75%) present with advanced stage (III/IV) tumors, for. A number of recent studies have indicated that EOC is linked to aberrant cell signaling, including. Targeted agents against Hh pathway components, PDGFR and AURA have been explored recently in the management of ovarian cancer and recurrent disease [20]
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