Abstract
From 2010 onwards, the international system has observed public protests providing the situation for entering a new level of political and social evolutions around the world and the region. The transition from collective action based on class to action based on notions of identity, transition from unilateralism in action to interactive model and relationship-based and transition from economic aims in the form of collective action to symbolic cultural and political aims have been the main elements of evolution of social movement in the recent years. The current article is a response to the reason of incidence of such evolution and why the pluralism and increased access of people to political procedures, development of information and communication technologies, and highlighting the role of civil society, non-governmental organizations and expansion of role of new middle class have resulted in such evolution. Discussions made by authors such as Alberto Melucci regarding the interactive and identity-based action, could be appropriate theoretical frameworks for surveying the process of transition from conventional social movement to new social movement (NSM). From the point of research condition, the current article is a descriptive-analytical survey and from the point of aim it is an applied survey. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n5s1p319
Highlights
The concept of social movement is one of the concepts in the field of social and political sciences that do not have a single definition; the same as many other concepts of this field it does not describe a part of the reality; rather it is an element of a specific method of constructing the social reality
The current article question is that what are the components and concepts of social movements and what are the functions of the social movements? What are the reasons for evolution of social movements from industrial society to postindustrial society? And based on what conceptual model it is possible to explain and analyze the new social movements in the international and regional level
These movements are cause by creating a new sense of finding power and enhancing “self” originated from collective action; in other words, action happens as a result of a relatively constant and combined collective identity, an “us” that must be created from aims, tools and different types of solidarity and organization
Summary
The concept of social movement is one of the concepts in the field of social and political sciences that do not have a single definition; the same as many other concepts of this field it does not describe a part of the reality; rather it is an element of a specific method of constructing the social reality. Existence of social movements as a part of social and political life of western countries, especially during the modern times has turned into a rather ordinary phenomenon. In the age of globalization, due to the existence of media, the territory of social relationships of human beings has tremendously expanded and each individual is linked with social groups and different groups in a communication network and these vast communications and numerous belonging to groups have become a base for producing and reproducing multiple and hybrid identities. In terms of central role of civil society these new movements are in common with classic social movements, in functionality the identity and in evolution the leadership and organization are completely different from the previous social movements. The current article question is that what are the components and concepts of social movements and what are the functions of the social movements? What are the reasons for evolution of social movements from industrial (conventional) society to postindustrial (new) society? And based on what conceptual model it is possible to explain and analyze the new social movements in the international and regional level
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