Abstract
As assemblies of genomes of new species with varying degrees of relationship appear, it becomes obvious that structural rearrangements of the genome, such as inversions, translocations, and transposon movements, are an essential and often the main source of evolutionary variation. In this regard, the following questions arise. How conserved are the regulatory regions of genes? Do they have a common evolutionary origin? And how and at what rate is the functional activity of genes restored during structural changes in the promoter region? In this article, we analyze the evolutionary history of the formation of the regulatory region of the ras85D gene in different lineages of the genus Drosophila, as well as the participation of mobile elements in structural rearrangements and in the replacement of specific areas of the promoter region with those of independent evolutionary origin. In the process, we substantiate hypotheses about the selection of promoter elements from a number of frequently repeated motifs with different degrees of degeneracy in the ancestral sequence, as well as about the restoration of the minimum required set of regulatory sequences using a conversion mechanism or similar.
Highlights
Bifurcation points on the phylogenetic tree of species often correspond to critical periods in the evolutionarily history of a population, resulting from abrupt changes in the environment and accompanied by physiological and genomic stress
The genome is literally saturated with the consequences of such rearrangements, which is manifested in a sharp decrease in the degree of gene colocalization on the synteny plots of chromosomes or Muller elements, as the phylogenetic distance between the compared species increases (Drosophila 12 Genomes Consortium and Clark, 2007)
The locus of our interest consisting of the ras85D upstream intergenic region and 5′UTR, subdivided into two parts by intron 1 contains cis-regulatory elements of ras85D
Summary
Bifurcation points on the phylogenetic tree of species often correspond to critical periods in the evolutionarily history of a population, resulting from abrupt changes in the environment and accompanied by physiological and genomic stress. The direct participation of mobile elements in the formation of rearrangements has been shown in Drosophila both in laboratory experiments (Alonso-Gonzalez et al, 2006; Kovalenko et al, 2006) and in evolutionary studies (Zelentsova et al, 1999; Evgen’ev et al, 2000). Such rearrangements lead to sequence replacements in the border region and to significant changes in regulatory sequences of downstream genes. Of interest are the following questions: the fixation rate of such consequences of genomic instability, the possible degree of disruption in the functional activity of genes bordering on insertions and rearrangements, and the influence of these events on further evolution of the local sequence
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