Abstract
Understanding of basic mechanisms mediating epigenetic regulation is essential for knowing cellular differentiation and genomic programming for function. Epigenetics refers to chemical marks on genes and their products, impacting gene expression without any alteration in DNA base sequence. These marks are copied and carried over through cell division and yet, are reversible with appropriate molecular manipulations such as DNA methylation, chromatin rearrangement, microRNA mediated feedback checks etc. Such changes underlie fetal origins of adult chronic non communicable diseases, and project the primacy of nutrition in epigenetic aberrations. Regulation of over 25000 genes through epigenetic processes in health and disease opens vast sphere for physiologic understanding of nutrition and nutrients. Genomic science has systems approach to understanding. In present context that shapes as dynamic emergent nutrition physiology of health and disease. Present article presents a brief overview of the perspectives.
Highlights
Personalized medicine is based on the principle that each individual is born biologically unique
Understanding of basic mechanisms that mediate epigenetic regulation is invaluable to the knowledge of cellular differentiation and genome programming
Mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and chromatin modification have been at focus of studies unraveling molecular basis of epigenetics [4]
Summary
Personalized medicine is based on the principle that each individual is born biologically unique. Genomic understanding is the foundation of personalized medicine. Linkage analysis, candidate gene association studies and genome-wide association studies. By combining these approaches, physicians can predict health risks, determine and quantify the dynamics of disease development and tailor therapeutic protocols to the needs of an individual[1,2]. Events and processes effecting heritable changes in gene expression in the dividing cells, which do not involve change in DNA base sequence, are termed epigenetics[3]. The epigenetic regulation is critical both for generating diverse cell types and maintaining stability and integrity of genome expression profiles in them. Understanding of basic mechanisms that mediate epigenetic regulation is invaluable to the knowledge of cellular differentiation and genome programming. Cloning of organism using nuclei of differentiated cells is possible
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