Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) leads to high morbidity and disability. Inflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of DN, which involves renal cells and immune cells, the microenvironment, as well as extrinsic factors, such as hyperglycemia, chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors. Epigenetic modifications usually regulate gene expression via DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs without altering the DNA sequence. During the past years, numerous studies have been published to reveal the mechanisms of epigenetic modifications that regulate inflammation in DN. This review aimed to summarize the latest evidence on the interplay of epigenetics and inflammation in DN, and highlight the potential targets for treatment and diagnosis of DN.
Highlights
The latest Diabetes Atlas by the International Diabetes Federation indicates that the current number of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is 463 million in 2019, which is estimated to increase to 578 million by 2030 and to 700 million by 2045 (International Diabetes Federation, 2019)
We summarized the evidence linking epigenetic modifications and inflammation in Diabetic nephropathy (DN)
It may be an effective approach to target these modifications for DN treatment
Summary
The latest Diabetes Atlas by the International Diabetes Federation indicates that the current number of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is 463 million in 2019, which is estimated to increase to 578 million by 2030 and to 700 million by 2045 (International Diabetes Federation, 2019). Diabetic nephropathy (DN), one of the most common microvascular complications of DM, is the major contributor to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (Ruiz-Ortega et al, 2020). Current therapies, including intensive glucose control and the treatment of hypertension through reninangiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) blockers, only slow down the progression of DN and fail to reverse or stop it (Sanz et al, 2019; Ruiz-Ortega et al, 2020). Early diagnosis and novel treatment for DN are of great significance while recognizing its etiology remains urgent
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