Abstract
Epigenetics and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: New Perspectives?
Highlights
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with a heavy burden for individuals, families, and society [1]
The symbolic system allows humans to transmit information to others and allows humans to communicate with themselves: symbolic communication is a way of thinking [4]. how and when environmental factors impact the brain of ADHD individuals remains unclear in most cases, it is likely that several mechanisms occur: (i) direct toxic impact; (ii) genetic modulation of a given environmental factor; (iii) environmental modulation of a given genetic effect; and/or (iv) epigenetics modifications through both early and transgenerational constraints [5]
We are aware that a major limitation of epigenetic markers is that their variation may be secondary to the development of a trait or may be a marker of environmental exposures
Summary
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with a heavy burden for individuals, families, and society [1]. Heritability includes Gene x Gene or Gene x Environment interactions, and, transgenerational or developmental effect of epigenetic traces [3]. The symbolic system (e.g., the language system) allows humans to transmit information to others and allows humans to communicate with themselves: symbolic communication is a way of thinking [4]. how and when environmental factors impact the brain of ADHD individuals remains unclear in most cases, it is likely that several mechanisms occur: (i) direct toxic impact; (ii) genetic modulation of a given environmental factor; (iii) environmental modulation of a given genetic effect; and/or (iv) epigenetics modifications through both early and transgenerational constraints [5]. The epigenetic perspective has aroused growing interest to improve understanding of ADHD and identify potential biomarkers
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