Abstract
Asbestos exposure leads to epigenetic and epigenomic modifications that, in association with ROS-induced DNA damage, contribute to cancer onset. Few miRNAs epigenetically regulated in MM have been described in literature; miR-126, however, is one of them, and its expression is regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. Asbestos exposure induces early changes in the miRNAs, which are reversibly expressed as protective species, and their inability to reverse reflects the inability of the cells to restore the physiological miRNA levels despite the cessation of carcinogen exposure. Changes in miRNA expression, which results from genetic/epigenetic changes during tumor formation and evolution, can be detected in fluids and used as cancer biomarkers. This article has reviewed the epigenetic mechanisms involved in miRNA expression in MM, focusing on their role as biomarkers of early diagnosis and therapeutic effects.
Highlights
Frontiers in OncologyExpression in Malignant Mesothelioma: miRNAs as Biomarkers of Early Diagnosis and Therapy
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive malignancy, and its origin is largely associated with exposure to asbestos [1]
Our group reported that DNA methyl transferase 1 (DNMT1) expression paralleled upregulation of Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1), thereby supporting the role of PARP1 in protecting the DNMT1 promoter from methylation, as previously reported [99, 100]. These findings indicate that increased expression of DNMT1 was responsible for the methylation of the epidermal growth factorlike domain-containing protein 7 (EGFL7) promoter and the ensuing downregulation of miR-126
Summary
Expression in Malignant Mesothelioma: miRNAs as Biomarkers of Early Diagnosis and Therapy. Few miRNAs epigenetically regulated in MM have been described in literature; miR-126, is one of them, and its expression is regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. Asbestos exposure induces early changes in the miRNAs, which are reversibly expressed as protective species, and their inability to reverse reflects the inability of the cells to restore the physiological miRNA levels despite the cessation of carcinogen exposure. Changes in miRNA expression, which results from genetic/epigenetic changes during tumor formation and evolution, can be detected in fluids and used as cancer biomarkers. This article has reviewed the epigenetic mechanisms involved in miRNA expression in MM, focusing on their role as biomarkers of early diagnosis and therapeutic effects
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