Abstract
The impaired function of regulatory T (Treg) cells and the imbalance of Treg/Th17 cells play a central role in developing autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Treg cells are crucial for maintaining immune homeostasis and tolerance to self-antigens. One of the most important transcription factors that regulate the differentiation and function of Treg cells is the FOXP3 protein. Aberrant epigenetic modifications affecting FOXP3 gene expression and consequently dysregulated function of Treg cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of SLE. Therefore, understanding the intricate interplay between FOXP3 expression pattern in Treg cells and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms (e.g., DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs) is crucial for unravelling the underlying mechanisms of SLE. Moreover, targeting these epigenetic pathways may offer novel therapeutic strategies for restoring immune balance and ameliorating autoimmune pathology. This review report aimed to provide an update on the epigenetic controlling of FOXP3 gene expression in SLE disease.
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