Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the single largest cause of death in the western world and its incidence is on the rise globally. Atherosclerosis, characterized by the development of atheromatus plaque, can trigger luminal narrowing and upon rupture result in myocardial infarction or ischemic stroke. Epigenetic phenomena are a focus of considerable research interest due to the role they play in gene regulation. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone acetylation have been identified as potential drug targets in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. miRNAs are known to play a role in gene silencing, which has been widely investigated in cancer. In comparison, the role they play in cardiovascular disease and plaque rupture is not well understood. Nutritional epigenetic modifiers from dietary components, for instance sulforaphane found in broccoli, have been shown to suppress the pro-inflammatory response through transcription factor activation. This review will discuss current and potential epigenetic therapeutics for the treatment of cardiovascular disease, focusing on the use of miRNAs and dietary supplements such as sulforaphane and protocatechuic aldehyde.
Highlights
ATHEROSCLEROSIS Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of death in the western world and its incidence globally is on the rise
Atherosclerosis is the primary cause of CVD and it is characterized by the development of an atheromatus plaque, which triggers luminal narrowing
Epigenetic therapy in atherosclerotic disease atherosclerosis and plaque rupture is poorly known in comparison to the well-studied role they play in cancer
Summary
Epigenetic phenomena are a focus of considerable research interest due to the role they play in gene regulation Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone acetylation have been identified as potential drug targets in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. RNA mechanisms such as non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have the ability to alter gene expression in a variety of ways and play regulatory roles during development, the response to stress and environmental stimuli. Epigenetic therapy in atherosclerotic disease atherosclerosis and plaque rupture is poorly known in comparison to the well-studied role they play in cancer. We deal with three well-studied epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation, histone modifications, and ncRNAs), which have been the focus of therapeutic intervention in CVD, through targeted drug delivery or dietary supplementation.
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