Epigenetic Biomarkers of Prenatal Maternal Stress

Abstract

Diverse maternal experiences or mood disturbances before birth pose a substantial risk for poor lifetime mental health outcomes. DNA methylation variation in response to prenatal stress has been shown in animal model studies. Although prenatal time represents a sensitive period of development, little is known about the impact of maternal stress during pregnancy on DNA methylation during the life span in humans. In this review, we provide a brief summary of key human studies that bring evidence of DNA methylation in association with prenatal stress. We discuss common findings in the studies such as the type of maternal stress associated to offspring’s DNA methylation and plasticity/stability of epigenetic variations. We also suggest the contribution of additional candidate gene approaches and genome-wide DNA methylation profile, in order to further explore and define the relationship between early social environment, epigenetics, and long-term outcomes. The implications of maternal care on DNA methylation as well as the importance of maternal well-being during pregnancy to prevent future health problems are considered.